When it comes to choosing a small pet, gerbils and hamsters are two of the most popular options. Both of these tiny animals are cute, entertaining, and generally low-maintenance, making them ideal for beginners and families alike. However, gerbils and hamsters have significant differences in terms of behavior, habitat needs, social tendencies, and care requirements. Understanding these differences can help potential pet owners choose the best fit for their lifestyle.
In this article, we’ll dive deep into the distinctions between gerbils and hamsters, covering their physical characteristics, behaviors, and unique care needs. By the end, you’ll be better equipped to decide which one is the right pet for you.
Table of Contents
- Physical Differences
- Behavior and Personality
- Housing Needs
- Diet and Nutrition
- Exercise and Enrichment
- Social Behavior
- Lifespan and Health
- Pros and Cons of Gerbils and Hamsters
- Final Thoughts
1. Physical Differences
Size and Shape:
One of the most noticeable differences between gerbils and hamsters is their body structure. Gerbils typically have longer bodies and tails, giving them a sleeker appearance. Hamsters, on the other hand, are generally rounder and stockier, with stubby tails that are often hidden by their fur.
Fur and Color:
Gerbils usually have shorter fur and come in a more limited range of colors, mostly in shades of brown, black, and white. Hamsters come in a broader array of colors, including golden, white, grey, and various patterned coats. They also have cheek pouches, which they use to store food — something that gerbils lack.
Feet and Claws:
Gerbils have longer hind legs that are adapted for jumping, whereas hamsters have short, sturdy legs suitable for digging and climbing. These physical differences reflect their natural habitats, with gerbils coming from desert regions and hamsters from grasslands and fields.
2. Behavior and Personality
Activity Levels:
Gerbils are incredibly active and curious, often seen burrowing, digging, and exploring their surroundings. They enjoy being awake during the day and tend to have a more balanced sleep cycle. Hamsters, however, are primarily nocturnal, which means they are most active at night. This behavior can make them a bit less interactive during the day, which is worth considering for families with young children.
Temperament:
Hamsters are known for being territorial and may become defensive if startled. They are generally solitary animals and prefer their own space. Gerbils, however, are social creatures and thrive in pairs or small groups. Gerbils are also more tolerant of handling and tend to nip less than hamsters, making them a better choice for those who want a more interactive pet.
3. Housing Needs
Tank or Cage Size:
Both animals need spacious enclosures, but the specifics differ. A single hamster typically requires at least a 24×12 inch cage, while a pair of gerbils would be happy in a 20-gallon tank. Because gerbils are social, keeping them in pairs or groups is usually recommended, whereas hamsters often require solitary living arrangements.
Substrate and Burrowing:
Gerbils are natural burrowers, so they need a deep layer of bedding material (around 6-8 inches) to allow them to dig and tunnel. Hamsters enjoy burrowing as well but do not require as much depth in their bedding.
Environment and Setup:
Hamsters benefit from a multi-level cage with plenty of hiding spots and tubes to explore. Gerbils, on the other hand, prefer a simpler, flat setup with ample space for digging and building burrows.
4. Diet and Nutrition
Both gerbils and hamsters are omnivores and require a diet of seeds, grains, fruits, vegetables, and occasional protein. However, there are some differences in their dietary preferences:
Gerbil Diet:
Gerbils tend to thrive on a mix of seeds, grains, and small amounts of fruits and vegetables. Due to their desert origin, they consume less water and may become dehydrated with too much moisture-rich food.
Hamster Diet:
Hamsters enjoy a broader range of foods, including fresh vegetables and fruits in moderation. Because hamsters have cheek pouches, they will store food and might hoard excessive amounts in their bedding, so regular cage cleaning is essential to avoid mold and bacteria.
5. Exercise and Enrichment
Activity Wheels:
Both gerbils and hamsters benefit from having an exercise wheel in their enclosure. However, make sure the wheel is solid and safe to prevent injury, as gerbils have powerful legs and hamsters may get their tiny feet caught in wire wheels.
Chewing Needs:
Gerbils and hamsters both have continuously growing teeth and need to chew on safe materials like wood blocks or cardboard. Chewing helps keep their teeth at a healthy length and prevents boredom.
Toys and Enrichment:
Gerbils enjoy digging and burrowing toys, while hamsters appreciate small, enclosed spaces and climbing toys. For both pets, rotating toys and adding new items regularly can keep them stimulated and happy.
6. Social Behavior
Gerbils:
Gerbils are naturally social animals and prefer living in pairs or small groups. Keeping a single gerbil alone can lead to loneliness and stress. They generally get along with others of their species, especially if introduced at a young age.
Hamsters:
Most hamster breeds, particularly the Syrian hamster, are solitary and should be housed alone. Keeping two hamsters together, especially in a confined space, often leads to aggressive behavior and territorial disputes.
7. Lifespan and Health
Lifespan:
Gerbils tend to have a slightly longer lifespan, living between 3-5 years, while hamsters typically live between 2-3 years. However, with good care, some hamsters have been known to live up to 4 years.
Common Health Issues:
Both animals are prone to certain health problems. Gerbils may experience dental issues due to overgrown teeth and are also prone to respiratory infections. Hamsters can suffer from a condition known as “wet tail,” a bacterial infection that is often fatal if not treated quickly. Both gerbils and hamsters need regular health checks to monitor for any signs of illness.
8. Pros and Cons of Gerbils and Hamsters
| Feature | Gerbils | Hamsters |
|---|---|---|
| Social Needs | Prefer to live in pairs or groups | Prefer solitary housing |
| Activity Level | Active during the day | Primarily nocturnal |
| Housing Requirement | Requires deep bedding for burrowing | Multi-level cage recommended |
| Diet | Lower water intake; minimal fruits | Broader diet, may hoard food |
| Lifespan | 3-5 years | 2-3 years |
| Temperament | Generally friendly and curious | Can be territorial and defensive |
9. Final Thoughts
Both gerbils and hamsters make delightful pets, but the choice ultimately depends on your personal preferences and lifestyle. If you prefer a more social pet that thrives in pairs and is active during the day, a gerbil might be the better choice. If you’d rather have a low-maintenance pet that doesn’t need much interaction or socialization with its own kind, a hamster could be ideal.
By understanding the key differences between these two charming animals, you can choose the one that best fits your lifestyle and provides a happy, healthy environment for your new small pet.
FAQs
- Can gerbils and hamsters live together?
No, gerbils and hamsters should not live together as they have different social needs and may become aggressive towards each other. - Do gerbils and hamsters need vaccinations?
No, gerbils and hamsters generally do not require vaccinations, but regular health checks are recommended. - Are gerbils or hamsters better for children?
Gerbils are generally more tolerant of handling, making them a bit better suited for young children than some hamster species.
By considering these factors, you’ll be able to select the pet that best suits your household, making for a rewarding pet ownership experience.
